Virtual hajj as a response to demographic and geopolitical pressures

Hajj is the most important one of Five Pillars in Islam. Islam makes Kaaba as orientation daily prayers (salat), and hajj linkage to maintain global Muslim faith community. The sanctity rituals positive significance for pilgrims transcend boundaries countries ethnic groups. In era globalization, quota has long been a scarce resource. It difficult Muslims obtain permits from Saudi Arabia short term. Even non-Muslims are full concern about Islam, especially hajj. Then, “virtual hajj,” which similar real sacred city Mecca, came into being. mainly divided several types: (1) building scenes other sites, participating hajj” through role-playing; (2) apps developed 3D digital technology their upgraded versions; (3) live broadcasting non-pilgrims pilgrim’s smartphone with 5G network technology; (4) software by VR AR Metaverse era. main functions embodied four aspects: protest against Arabia, Islamic education, universal effect, COVID-19 fighting. All types have effects on both non-Muslims. However, there different voices religious circles how treat hajj.”